Archive for the ‘Windows’ Category

Netsh commands for Interface IP

Senen, Juni 7th, 2010

You can run these commands from the Windows XP command prompt or from the command prompt for the Netsh Interface IP context. For these commands to work at the Windows XP command prompt, you must type netsh interface ip before typing commands and parameters as they appear in the syntax below. To run these Netsh commands on a remote Windows 2000 Server, you must first use Remote Desktop Connection to connect to a Windows 2000 Server that is running Terminal Server. There might be functional differences between Netsh context commands on Windows 2000 and Windows XP.

For more information on Netsh, see Using Netsh

To view the command syntax, click a command:

set address

Configures an IP address and a default gateway on a specified interface.


Syntax

set address [name=]InterfaceName [source=]{dhcp | static [addr=]IPAddress [mask=]SubnetMask [gateway=]{none | DefaultGateway [[gwmetric=]GatewayMetric]}}


Parameters

[name =] InterfaceName : Required. Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to configure address and gateway information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

[source=]{dhcp | static [addr=]IPAddress [mask=]SubnetMask [gateway=]{none | DefaultGateway [[gwmetric=]GatewayMetric]}} : Required. Specifies whether the IP address to configure originates from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server or is static. If the address is static, IPAddress specifies the address to configure, and SubnetMask specifies the subnet mask for the IP address being configured. If the address is static, you must also specify whether you want to leave the current default gateway (if any) in place or configure one for the address. If you configure a default gateway, DefaultGateway specifies the IP address of the default gateway to be configured, and GatewayMetric specifies the metric for the default gateway to be configured.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

You can use this command to switch an interface between DHCP configuration and static configuration. If the interface is configured statically, the DNS and WINS server addresses for this interface must also be statically configured.

•

Omitting the DefaultGateway parameter does not clear gateway configuration but preserves whatever was previously configured.

add address

Adds an IP address and a default gateway on a specified interface configured with a static IP address.

 


Syntax

add address [name=]InterfaceName [addr=]IPAddress [mask=]SubnetMask [[gateway=] DefaultGateway [gwmetric=]GatewayMetric]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Required. Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to add address and gateway information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

[addr=]IPAddress [mask=]SubnetMask : Required. Specifies the IP address to add and the subnet mask for that IP address.

[gateway=]DefaultGateway [gwmetric=]GatewayMetric : Specifies the IP address of the default gateway to add and the metric for that default gateway.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

delete address

Deletes an IP address or a default gateway on a statically configured interface.

 


Syntax

delete address [name=]InterfaceName [addr=] IPAddress [[gateway=]{DefaultGateway | all}]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Required. Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to delete address and gateway information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

[addr=]IPAddress : Required. Specifies the IP address to delete.

[gateway=]{DefaultGateway | all} : Specifies whether to delete one default gateway or all default gateways. If only one default gateway should be deleted, DefaultGateway specifies the IP address of the default gateway to be deleted.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

This command will not delete the last IP address on the interface.

show address

Displays information about static IP addresses and default gateways on a specified interface. Used without parameters, show address displays address information for all interfaces.

 


Syntax

show address [[name=]InterfaceName]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to display address information. The InterfaceName must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

For interfaces configured using DHCP, use the ipconfig command to display the assigned IP addresses, lease parameters, and other DHCP information.

set dns

Configures a DNS server address for a specified interface.

 


Syntax

set dns [name=]InterfaceName [source=]{dhcp | static [addr=]{DNSAddress | none}} [[ddns=]{disabled | enabled}] [[suffix=]{interface | primary}]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Required. Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to set DNS information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

[source=]{dhcp | static [addr =]{DNSAddress | none}} : Required. Specifies whether the IP address of the DNS server is configured by DHCP or is static. If the IP address is static, DNSAddress specifies the IP address of the DNS server to configure, and none specifies that the DNS configuration should be removed.

[ddns=]{disabled | enabled} : Specifies whether the computer should attempt DNS dynamic update registration of the IP addresses of this connection and the full computer name. The full computer name is specified in the Control Panel item System on the Computer Name tab. The enabled parameter specifies that the attempt should occur. The disabled parameter specifies that the attempt should not occur.

[suffix=]{interface | primary} : Specifies whether the computer should attempt DNS dynamic update to register the IP addresses and the connection-specific domain name of the specified connection in addition to the full computer name. The connection-specific DNS name of this connection is the concatenation of the computer name (which is the first label of the full computer name) and the DNS suffix of this connection. The interface parameter specifies that both the full computer name and connection-specific name should be registered. The primary parameter specifies that only the full computer name should be registered.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

If the interface is already statically configured, the static parameter replaces the existing list of DNS server addresses with the one specified in the command.

•

The default setting for ddns= is enabled.

•

The default setting for suffix= is primary.

add dns

Adds a DNS server to a list of DNS servers for a specified interface.

 


Syntax

add dns [name=]InterfaceName [addr=] DNSAddress [[index=]DNSIndex]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Required. Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to add DNS information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

[addr= ]DNSAddress : Required. Specifies the IP address of the DNS server to add.

[index=]DNSIndex : Specifies the position of the added DNS server in the list of DNS servers for the interface.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

A lower number for the DNSIndex parameter corresponds to a higher preference. If no index is specified, then the server is added with the lowest preference.

delete dns

Deletes a DNS server or all DNS servers from a list of DNS servers for a specified interface or for all interfaces.

 


Syntax

delete dns [name=]InterfaceName [addr=]{DNSAddress | all}

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Required. Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to delete DNS information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

[addr=]{DNSAddress | all} : Required. Specifies whether to delete the address of one DNS server or all servers for all interfaces. If only one DNS server should be deleted, DNSAddress specifies the IP address of the DNS server to delete.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show dns

Displays the DNS configuration of a specified interface. Used without parameters, show dns displays the DNS configurations of all interfaces.

 


Syntax

show dns [[name=]InterfaceName]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Specifies the name of the interface whose DNS configuration you want to display. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

set wins

Sets WINS server configuration to either DHCP or static mode for a specified interface.

 


Syntax

set wins [name=]InterfaceName [source=]{dhcp | static [addr=]{WINSAddress | none }}

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Required. Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to set WINS information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

[source=]{dhcp | static [addr=]{WINSAddress | none }} : Required. Specifies whether the IP address of the WINS server to configure should be assigned by DHCP or is static. If the IP address is static, WINSAddress specifies the IP address of the WINS server to configure, and none specifies that the WINS configuration should be removed.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

If the interface is already statically configured, the static parameter replaces the existing WINS server address list with the one specified in the set wins command.

add wins

Adds a WINS server to a list of WINS servers for a specified interface.

 


Syntax

add wins [name=]InterfaceName [addr=] WINSAddress [[index=]WINSIndex]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Required. Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to add WINS information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

[addr=]WINSAddress : Required. Specifies the IP address of the WINS server to add.

[index=]WINSIndex : Specifies the position of the added WINS server in the WINS server list for that interface.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

A lower number for the WINSIndex parameter corresponds to a higher preference. If no index is specified, then the server is added with the lowest preference.

delete wins

Deletes a WINS server or servers from a list of WINS servers for a specified interface or all interfaces.

 


Syntax

delete wins [name=]InterfaceName [addr=]{WINSAddress | all}

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Required. Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to delete a WINS server or servers. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

[addr=]{WINSAddress | all} : Required. Specifies whether to delete only one server for an interface or all servers for all interfaces. If only one server should be deleted, WINSAddress specifies the IP address of the WINS server to delete.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show wins

Displays the WINS configuration for a specified interface. Used without parameters, show wins displays the WINS configuration for all interfaces.

 


Syntax

show wins [[name=]InterfaceName]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Specifies the name of the interface whose WINS information you want to display. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show icmp

Displays ICMP statistics. Used without parameters, show icmp displays the statistics only once.

 


Syntax

show icmp [[rr=]RefreshRate]

 


Parameters

[rr=]RefreshRate : Specifies the refresh rate (the number of seconds between refreshing the display of the statistics).

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show interface

Displays statistics for a specified interface. Used without parameters, show interface displays statistics for all interfaces only once.

 


Syntax

show interface [[index=]InterfaceIndex] [[rr=]RefreshRate]

 


Parameters

[index=]InterfaceIndex : Specifies the interface index, an integer that identifies the interface.

[rr=]RefreshRate : Specifies the refresh rate (the number of seconds between refreshing the display of the statistics).

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

To obtain the interface index for an interface, review the output of the show interface command used without parameters.

show ipaddress

Displays information for a specified IP address. Used without parameters, show ipaddress displays information for all IP addresses on all interfaces once.

 


Syntax

show ipaddress [[index=]IPAddress] [[rr=]RefreshRate]

 


Parameters

[index=]IPAddress : Specifies an IP address of an interface.

[rr=]RefreshRate : Specifies the refresh rate (the number of seconds between refreshing the display of the statistics).

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

To obtain the IP addresses of all interfaces, review the display of the show ipaddress command used without parameters.

show ipnet

Displays the contents of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache, which contains the hardware addresses of resolved next-hop IP addresses. Used without parameters, show ipnet displays the information once.

 


Syntax

show ipnet [[rr=]RefreshRate]

 


Parameters

[rr=]RefreshRate : Specifies the refresh rate (the number of seconds between refreshing the display of the statistics).

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show ipstats

Displays IP statistics. Used without parameters, show ipstats displays the statistics once.

 


Syntax

show ipstats [[rr=]RefreshRate]

 


Parameters

[rr=]RefreshRate : Specifies the refresh rate (the number of seconds between refreshing the display of the statistics).

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show joins

Displays IP multicast groups that have been joined for the specified IP address. Used without parameters, show joins displays information for all IP addresses.

 


Syntax

show joins [[index=]IPAddress]

 


Parameters

[index=]IPAddress : Specifies an IP address of an interface.

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

 


Remarks

•

To obtain the IP addresses for all interfaces, review the display of the show ipaddress command used without parameters.

show tcpconn

Displays information on a specified TCP connection. Used without parameters, show tcpconn displays information for all TCP connections once.

 


Syntax

show tcpconn [[index=]{LocalIPAddress | LocalPort | RemoteIPAddress | RemotePort}] [[rr=]RefreshRate]

 


Parameters

[index=]{LocalIPAddress | LocalPort | RemoteIPAddress | RemotePort} : Specifies the connection about which to display information. The LocalIPAddress parameter specifies an IP address of an interface. The LocalPort parameter specifies a TCP port for a local process. The RemoteIPAddress parameter specifies an IP address of a remote host. The RemotePort parameter specifies a TCP port for a remote process.

[rr=]RefreshRate : Specifies the refresh rate (the number of seconds between refreshing the display of the information).

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show tcpstats

Displays TCP statistics. Used without parameters, show tcpstats displays the statistics once.

 


Syntax

show tcpstats [[rr=]RefreshRate]

 


Parameters

[rr=]RefreshRate : Specifies the refresh rate (the number of seconds between refreshing the display of the statistics).

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show udpconn

Displays information about the UDP ports used for each IP address. Used without parameters, show udpconn displays UDP port information for all IP addresses once.

 


Syntax

show udpconn [[index=]{LocalIPAddress | LocalPort}] [[rr=]RefreshRate]

 


Parameters

[index=]{LocalIPAddress | LocalPort} : Specifies the connection about which to display information. The LocalIPAddress parameter specifies an IP address of an interface. The LocalPort parameter specifies a UDP port for a local process.

[rr=]RefreshRate : Specifies the refresh rate (the number of seconds between refreshing the display of the statistics).

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show udpstats

Displays UDP statistics. Used without parameters, show udpstats displays the statistics once.

 


Syntax

show udpstats [[rr=]RefreshRate]

 


Parameters

[rr=]RefreshRate : Specifies the refresh rate (the number of seconds between refreshing the display of the statistics).

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show config

Displays IP address and other configuration information for a specified interface. Used without parameters, show config displays configuration information for all interfaces.

 


Syntax

show config [[name=]InterfaceName]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to display configuration information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

show offload

Displays the tasks that can be performed by the network adapter for the specified interface corresponding to installed network hardware. Used without parameters, show offload displays offload information for all interfaces corresponding to installed network hardware.

 


Syntax

show offload [[name=]InterfaceName ]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to display offload information. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

delete arpcache

Removes the entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache for a specified interface. Used without parameters, delete arpcache removes the entries in the ARP caches of all interfaces.

 


Syntax

delete arpcache [[name=]InterfaceName]

 


Parameters

[name=]InterfaceName : Specifies the name of the interface for which you want to remove the ARP cache entries. The InterfaceName parameter must match the name of the interface as specified in Network Connections. If InterfaceName contains spaces, use quotation marks around the text (for example, "Interface Name").

/?: Displays help at the command prompt.

dump

Displays the current configuration as a series of Netsh Interface IP commands.

 


Syntax

dump

 


Parameters

none

 


Remarks

•

To create a configuration script file, redirect the output of this command to a file.

 


Netsh Interface IP example

The following command configures the interface named Local Area Connection with the static IP address 10.0.5.99, the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, and a default gateway of 10.0.5.1:

set address name="Local Area Connection" source=static addr=10.0.5.99 mask=255.255.255.0 gateway=10.0.5.1

 


Formatting legend

Format Meaning

Italic

Information that the user must supply

Bold

Elements that the user must type exactly as shown

Ellipsis (…)

Parameter that can be repeated several times in a command line

Between brackets ([])

Optional items

Between braces ({}); choices separated by pipe (|). Example: {even|odd}

Set of choices from which the user must choose only one

Courier font

Code or program output

Posted in Windows | No Comments »

command NET

Jemuah, April 16th, 2010

The Net Services suite of commands is described in the Windows Help and Support Center. Enter “net services” to obtain a list of the services and their syntax for usage.You can also see a list of all available net commands by typing “net /?” at a command prompt. Syntax help is obtained by typing “net help {command}”. For example, for help with the “net stop” command, type net help stop

The list of commands and a brief description of each is given below. Some of these commands duplicate functions available in other ways, such as in the Netsh suite or the Service Controller.

  • Net accounts - Updates the user accounts database and modifies password and logon requirements for all accounts.
  • Net computer - Adds or deletes computers from a domain database
  • Net config - displays a list of configurable services
  • Net continue - Continues a service that has been suspended by net pause
  • Net file - Displays the names of all open shared files on a server
  • Net group - Adds, displays, or modifies global groups in domains
  • Net help - Provides a list of network commands and topics for which you can get help
  • Net helpmsg - Explains why an error occurred and provides problem-solving information
  • Net localgroup- Adds, displays, or modifies local groups
  • Net name - Adds or deletes a messaging name
  • Net pause - Pauses services that are currently running.
  • Net print - Displays information about a specified print queue, displays information about all print queues hosted by a specified print server, displays information about a specified print job, or controls a specified print job.
  • Net send- Sends a messenger service message
  • Net session- Lists or disconnects sessions
  • Net share- Displays or manages shared printers or directories
  • Net start- Lists or starts network services
  • Net statistics- Displays workstation and server statistics
  • Net stop- Stops services
  • Net time- Displays or synchronizes network time
  • Net use- Displays or manages remote connections
  • Net user- Creates local user accounts
  • Net view- Displays network resources or computers

Tags:
Posted in Windows | No Comments »

Mendeteksi Kesehatan Hardware dengan suara

Setu, Januari 9th, 2010

Mendeteksi Kesehatan Hardware dengan suara
1 X suara BIP
Kegagalan refresh DRAM. Sistem mempunyai masalah mengakses memori untuk merefreshnya.
2 X
Kegagalan rangkain parity. Pada data yang ditransmisikan dalam komputer, biasanya ditambahkan parity bit yang berfungsi untuk mendeteksi dan koreksi error. Pekerjaan ini dilakukan rangkaian parity yang terdapat dalam komputer. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan adanya masalah pada memori atau motherboard.
3 X
Kegagalan base memori 64K. Base memori 64K adalah 64 KB memori yang pertama pada RAM. Kegagalan ini bisa disebabkan slot memori yang dikelompokkan dalam modul yang memiliki chip rusak.
4 X
Kegagalan system timer. Kemungkinan terdapat kesalahan pada satu atau lebih timer yang digunakan untuk mengontrol fungsi-fungsi pada motherboard.
5 X
Kegagalan prosesor. Dapat disebabkan panas berlebih, atau karena prosesor tidak terpasang benar ke dalam socketnya.
6 X
Kegagalan keyboard controller/gate A20. Keyboard controller adalah chip pada motherboard yang mengedalikan keyboard Anda.

7 X
Kesalahan prosesor.
8 X
Kesalahan baca/tulis memory display.
9 X
Kerusakan BIOS.
10 X
Kesalahan CMOS.
11 X
Kerusakan cache memori.
AWARD BIOS
Award lebih menyukai pesan lewat monitor. Tapi ada saatnya video card tidak berfungsi dan pesan ditampilkan menggunakan kode bip tersebut. Oleh karena itu, kode bip pada BIOS tipe ini lebih sedikit. Kode bip pada BIOS ini juga seperti tanda morse, mengkombinasikan bip panjang dan pendek.
1 bip panjang
Masalah pada memori. Kemungkinannya adalah memori tidak terpasang benar, atau juga chip memori rusak. Bisa juga berhubungan dengan kerusakan motherboard.
1 bip panjang, 2 bip pendek
Kesalahan sistem video. BIOS tidak dapat mengakses sistem video untuk menuliskan pesan error ke layar. Ada beberapa kemungkinan, antara lain video card dipasang pada sistem yang sudah ada video card on-board, atau menggunakan IRQ yang sudah terpakai untuk video card tersebut sehingga terjadi konflik. Kemungkinan lain, video card tidak terpasang dengan baik.
1 bip panjang, 3 bip pendek
Sama seperti di atas, ada kesalahan pada video. BIOS tidak dapat mengakses sistem video untuk menampilkan pesan kesalahan ke layar. Suara bip sambung menyambung
Dapat disebabkan memori atau video card. Ada beberapa pedoman umum yang dapat digunakan untuk setiap BIOS. Pedoman umum ini hanya dapat digunakan untuk kesalahan yang terdeteksi sebelum dan saat Power On Self Test (POST). Kita sudah mengenal prosedur yang dilakukan komputer saat mulai dihidupkan, dan ini akan sangat membantu dalam mendiagnosa masalah yang ada. Pertama kali saat komputer dinyalakan, power supply akan mengirimkan daya ke semua komponen. Bila pada saat dinyalakan tidak ada reaksi apapun, maka periksalah power supply internal yang terletak pada komputer Anda. Untuk mengetesnya, kita bisa menggunakan LED (Light Emiting Diode) dan kemudian pasang pada POWER LED connector. Jika nyala, berarti power supply masih bagus. Kemudian, jika semua komponen sudah mendapat daya yang cukup, prosesor akan bekerja mencari intruksi. Ia akan mencari intruksi ini pada ROM BIOS. Untuk prosesor, kemungkinannya adalah panas yang berlebih akibat overclock atau posisi tidak sempurna. Untuk BIOS, kemungkinannya kecil bahwa letak chip BIOS tidak sempurna. Cek BIOS dapat dilakukan pada komputer lain. Beberapa virus sudah dapat merusak program BIOS. Jika POST mau berlanjut tapi tidak selesai, kemungkinan besar masalah ada pada motherboard. Untuk yang ini, ada beberapa langkah yang harus dilakukan :
Jika PC tidak mau booting sama sekali, pastikan komponen minim sudah terpasang, yaitu prosesor, memori terisi dengan tepat, video card, dan sebuah drive, dan pastikan semua komponen ini terpasang dengan benar. Komponen yang tersolder tidak boleh ada
yang hilang.
Lepaskan komponen-komponen yang tidak wajib, seperti ekspansi card, periferal eksternal seperti printer, scanner dan lain-lain, karena pemasangan yang tidak benar dapat menyebabkan I/O error. Kemudian hidupkan sistem, dan coba pasang satu-persatu card tersebut untuk mengujinya.
Cek ulang setting jumper pada motherboard. Pastikan tipe prosesor, bus speed, multiplier, dan jumper tegangan. Dan pastikan juga jumper BIOS berada pada posisi semestinya.
Ubah setting BIOS ke setting default untuk memastikan masalah tidak terletak pada setting BIOS yang berlebihan. Contohnya dengan menurunkan read/write access time memori dan hard disk. Cek semua koneksi kabel pada motherboard sudah benar. Cek apakah ada komponen yang mengalami panas berlebih. Jika ada, ubah setting BIOS dan setting yang lebih rendah.
Penanganan Lanjut
Untuk kasus 1, 2, dan 3 kali bunyi bip, cobalah perbaiki posisi memori dahulu. Jika masih terjadi, ada kemungkinan memori rusak. Ganti dengan memori baru. Untuk 4, 5, 7 dan 10 kali bip, motherboard rusak dan harus diperbaiki atau diganti. Untuk 6 kali bip, coba perbaiki posisi chip keyboard controller. Jika masih ada error, gantilah chip keyboard tersebut. 8 kai bip menandakan memori error pada video adapter. Ganti video card. 9 kali bip menandakan kegagalan chip BIOS. Biasanya bukan disebabkan posisi kurang sempurna. 11 kali bip, ganti cache memori.
Tips dan Trik Membasmi Virus
Membasmi virus tanpa antivirus? Gimana caranya ? Simak langkah-langkah umum berikut dalam membasmi virus:
1. Nonaktifkan System Restore.
Fasilitas System Restore pada Windows berguna untuk mengembalikan konfigurasi sistem ke konfigurasi sebelumnya. Agar sistem yang telah pulih tidak kembali rusak, matikan fasilitas ini dengan klik kanan pada My Computer dan pilih Properties. Lalu pilih tab System Restore dan centang bagian Turn off System Restore on All Drive.
2. Matikan proses virus.
Bagaimanapun caranya, matikan proses virus. Biasanya proses virus memiliki ikon berupa folder atau dokumen MS Word. Gunakan aplikasi seperti Process Explorer, Pocket Killbox, Show Kill Process, The Killer Machine, dan sebagainya.
3. Pulihkan registry.
Pulihkan registry yang telah diotak-atik oleh virus. Jika tidak, maka virus dapat menginfeksi komputer Anda lagi. Gunakan Hijack This, Registry Cleaner, atau The Killer Machine. Hapus juga entry Scheduled Task yang dibuat oleh virus jika ada.
4. Hapus file-file virus.
Gunakan fasilitas Search pada Windows untuk menemukan file-file virus.
5. Munculkan file-file yang disembunyikan virus.
Virus pada umumnya tidak begitu kejam dengan menghapus dokumen-dokumen kita. Biasanya file-file tersebut hanya disembunyikan. Gunakan perintah attrib -s -h pada Command Prompt untuk memunculkannya kembali.
6. Saran terakhir untuk pencegahan. hati-hatilah saat melakukan transfer data baik melalui disket, USB Flash Disk, maupun dari jaringan. Tunjukkan file hidden dan ekstensi file pada Windows Explorer. Selain itu, jangan mudah tergoda oleh file-file dengan nama yang menggoyahkan iman
Sidik Jari Virus
Virus, dan juga file-file lain, ternyata juga memiliki sidik jari. Namanya adalah CRC32 (Cyclic Redudancy Check). Nilai checksum untuk CRC ini unik untuk setiap file. Dengan demikian kita dapat mengenali pakah sebuah file merupakan virus atau bukan melalui CRC ini. Salah satu contoh antivirus yang menggunakan teknik pengenalan CRC ini adalah WAV yang bisa diunduh dari virologi.info/download.
Mencegah Virus Dari Flashdisk Menginfeksi Komputer Kita
Flashdisk merupakan salah satu media yang paling banyak digunakan dalam penyebaran virus. Pada waktu kita memasukkan flashdisk ke USB komputer kita, maka secara default windows akan langsung membuka task baru dengan fungsi Auto play. Banyak sekali virus yang menggunakan fungsi Auto Play ini untuk menyebarkan diri mereka dan kemudian menginfeksi komputer kita.
Disini kita akan berusaha untuk meminimalisir virus masuk ke dalam komputer kita dengan cara meng-nonaktifkan fungsi Auto Play tersebut.
Berikut caranya :
- Klik Start > run gpedit.msc
- Pilih Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates
- Lalu Pilih System, cari file Turn Off Auto Play dan klik double
- Lalu centang pilihan enabled dan Turn Off Auto Play pilih All Drive
- Lalu klik OK, Tutup dan restart
Cara lain untuk meminimalisir virus masuk ke dalam komputer adalah dengan cara mengaktifkan user Guest dan selalu login dengan user guest tersebut.
Karena dengan user Guest maka secara tidak langsung kita akan mematikan fungsi registry, karena Virus akan selalu manginfeksi file registry ini dan merubah value di dalamnya.
Anda juga dapat meminimalisir virus masuk ke dalam komputer dengan selalu mengupdate anti virus secara rutin.
Tips Mempercepat Booting Windows XP
Mungkin anda pernah mengalami booting windows yang sangat lambat Berikut langkah-langkahnya agar booting windows anda menjadi lebih cepat :
Langkah 1 :
Buka aplikasi notepad
Ketikkan del c:\windows\prefetch\ntosboot-*.*/q (Tanpa tanda kutip )
dan save as dengan nama ntosboot.bat dalam drive c:\
Langkah 2 :
Lalu klik menu Start>Run> dan ketikkan gpedit.msc
Langkah 3 :
Klik Computer Configuration>Windows Settings>Script>lalu klik 2 kali pada Shutdown
Langkah 4 :
Dalam Windows Shutdown Properties klik add lalu browse. lalu cari letak file ntosboot.bat yang anda buat tadi dan klik open
Langkah 5 :
Lalu klik OK ,Apply dan OK sekali lagi untuk menyelesaikannya
Langkah 6 :
Lalu klik menu Start>Run> dan devmgmt.msc
Langkah 7 :
Klik IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers>Primary IDE Channel ( Klik 2 kali untuk membuka properties )
Langkah 8 :
Pilih Advanced Settings
Pada Device 0 atau Device 1
Ganti Device Type menjadi None ( Ganti saja pilihan Device Type yang tidak terkunci )
Langkah 9 :
Klik IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers>Secondary IDE Channel ( Klik 2 kali untuk membuka properties )
Ulangi seperti Langkah 8
Langkah 10 :
Restart Komputer anda dan anda bisa lihat perubahannya.
Semoga Bermanfaat

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NTFS VS FAT

Setu, November 21st, 2009

Disini akan di jelaskan apa perbedaan FAT dan NTFS supaya kita tau dan memilih mana yang lebih cocok NTFS VS FAT.

Windows Xp mempunyai 3 filesystem
FAT 16 = File Allocation Table 16
FAT 32 = File Allocation Table 32
NTFS = NT File System
FAT16

FAT16 dikenalkan oleh MS-DOS tahun 1981 (udah lama banget). Awalnya, Sistim ini didesign untuk mengatur file di floopy drive dan mengalami beberapa kali perubahan sehingga digunakan untuk mengatur file di harddisk. Keuntungan FAT16 adalah file system ini kompatibel hampir di semua Operating System baik itu WIndows 95/98/me, OS/2 , Linux dan bahkan Unix. Namun dibalik itu masalah paling besar dari FAT16 adalah mempunyai kapasitas tetap jumlah cluster dalam partisi , jadi semakin besar harddisk maka ukuran cluster akan semakin besar, artinya file sekecil apapun tetap akan memakan 32Kb dari harddisk. Hal jelek lain adalah FAT16 tidak mendukung kompresi , enkripsi dan kontrol akses dalam partisi.
FAT32

FAT32 mulai di kenal pada sistim Windows 95 SP2, dan merupakan pengembangan lebih dari FAT16. FAT32 menawarkan kemampuan menampung jumlat cluster yang lebih besar dalam partisi. Selain itu juga mengembangkan kemampuan harddisk menjadi lebih baik dibanding FAT16. Namun FAT32 memiliki kelemahan yang tidak di miliki FAT16 yaitu terbatasnya Operating System yang bisa mengenal FAT32. Tidak seperti FAT16 yang bisa di kenal oleh hampir semua Operating System, namun itu bukan masalah apabila anda menjalankan FAT32 di Windows Xp karena Windows Xp tidak peduli file sistim apa yang di gunakan pada partisi.
NTFS

NTFS di kenalkan pertama pada Windows NT dan merupakan file system yang benar benar berbeda di banding teknologi FAT. NTFS menawarkan security yang jauh lebih baik , kompresi file , cluster dan bahkan support enkripsi data. NTFS merupakan file system standar untuk Windows Xp dan apabila anda melakukan upgrade Windows biasa anda akan di tanyakan apakah ingin mengupgrade ke NTFS atau tetap menggunakan FAT. Namun jika anda sudah melakukan upgrade pada Windows Xp dan tidak melakukan perubahan NTFS itu bukan masalah karena anda bisa mengkonversinya ke NTFS kapanpun. Namun ingat bahwa apabila anda sudah menggunakan NTFS akan muncul masalah jika ingin downgrade ke FAT tanpa kehilangan data.

Pada Umumnya NTFS tidak kompatibel dengan Operating System lain yang terinstall di komputer yang sama (Double OS) bahkan juga tidak terdetek apabila anda melakukan StartUp Boot menggunakan floopy. Untuk itu sangat disarankan kepada anda untuk menyediakan partisi yang kecil saja yang menggunakan file system FAT di awal partisi. Partisi ini dapat anda gunakan untuk menyimpan Recovery Tool apabila mendapat masalah. Namun dengan teknologi Windows Xp sekarang yang mempunyai Recovery Tool sendiri , Saya rasa itu tidak begitu penting karena kemampuan Recovery Tool dari Windows Xp sudah cukup baik.
NTFS Vs FAT

Jika anda menjalankan lebih dari 1 Operating System di pc anda , anda mungkin perlu menyediakan partisi untuk FAT. Anda bisa memasukkan file / program ke partisi tersebut karena FAT bisa di akses oleh Operating System apapun di harddisk anda. Tapi perlu di ingat, FAT tidak mempunyai security dalam data dan semua Operating System yang terinstall memiliki akses 100% kepada partisi yang menggunakan FAT (read,write,delete,execute). Dalam kasus lain bahkan bisa dilakukan antar jaringan apabila terkoneksi jadi jangan menyimpan file penting dalam FAT System.

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